Scientific fundamentals of formation of organic agroecosystems in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To assess the agro-resource potential of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe and to establish trends in the main parameters of the fertility of typical chornozem in the system of organic farming. Methods — general and special: long-term field — to determine quantitative indicators and analytical. Results. The results of 20 years of field research and features of functioning of organic agroecosystems are analyzed, the agroresource potential of the Eastern Forest-Steppe, tendencies of hydrothermal regime formation are assessed. Substantiation of crop rotations for farms of different specialization is carried out. The regularities of the influence of different hydrothermal conditions on the dynamics of soil properties are revealed, the balance researches of the peculiarities of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium cycle are carried out. Mathematical relationships between crop yields and their predecessors, rainfall, air temperature, the amount of non-marketable part of the crop and the reserves of basic nutrients in it are searched. It is established that the introduction of legumes into organic agroecosystems contributes to the optimization of agrophysical indicators of the fertility of typical chornozem and the balance of nutrients in it, which creates favorable conditions for plant development. The productivity of crop rotations is determined. It was the largest in crop rotations with leguminous predecessors of winter wheat: soybeans, peas, lentils and vetch-oats mixtures, under the conditions of use of sugar beet for the third year of rotation. The yield of feed protein units in these variants was 3.78; 3.75; 3.72 and 3.71 t/ha. Under the conditions of placing buckwheat on the 3rd field of short-rotation crop rotations, their productivity was reduced by 1.4 times. Conclusions. The cultivation of legumes in organic agroecosystems contributes to the improvement of agrophysical indicators of the fertility of typical chornozem. It was crop rotations with these crops that provided the highest productivity. Elaboration of correlations between hydrothermal conditions and crop yields in crop rotations allows efficient use of natural potential in organic agroecosystems.