Modern problems of phosphorus in farming agriculture and ways of their solution

Abstract

The purpose. To determine the basic regularities of conversion of phosphatic fund of soils in modern conditions of farming agriculture. Methods. Generalization of results of long-term (1969 — 2013) probes in field experiments on typical and degraded chernozem, and also of the published materials of laboratory of methodical control of agrochemical service (now – department of agrochemistry). Results. Regularities of dynamics of different forms of soil phosphates (gross, organic, mobile forms, fractional composition) depending on doses and methods of application of organic and mineral fertilizers, balance of phosphorus in crop rotation are justified. Features of accumulation of residual forms of phosphate and their influence upon formation of agrogenic profile of soils and their fertility are fixed. Conclusions. Dynamics of balance of phosphorus in farming agriculture of Ukraine and its close connection with the content of mobile phosphorus in arable layer of soils, accumulation of residual phosphates in the period from 1970 to 1990 has been determined. For improving scarce balance of phosphorus which was observed in 1995 — 2015 it is recommended to use local source of raw materials: phosphorite meal, peat, sapropel, green manure crops, plant residues of crops and to implement the following agrotechnical methods: local fertilization and acid soils liming.