Influence of heavy metals in diets on the level of their acomulation in organs and tissues of slaughter pigs, productivity and extraction of ammoniac nitrogen

Abstract

The purpose. Complex solution of ecological problems — contamination by joints of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickel — Pb, Cd, Ni) of feedstuffs for swine breeding — in a direction of tracking their “behaviour” in linkage: feedstuffs — feed — health of animals — productivity — ecology (level of excretion of active nitrogen), and also their accumulation in meat. Methods. Zootechnical, chemical-analytical, mathematical-statistical. Results. Influence is determined of heavy metals in feedstuffs on their accumulation in organs and tissues of pigs, productivity and excretion of ammonia nitrogen. Availability in rations of Pb, Cd and Ni in the amounts exceeding maximum allowable level in 10 times affected productivity and well-being of animals (daily average incremental values dropped on 10%, over expenditure of feedstuffs attained 13%) and ecology of emissions of ammonia nitrogen (counting upon unit of increase — up to 11%); promoted their accumulation in killing products. In test group the pathology was observed of weakening of extremities that testified to exacerbation of deficiency of calcium in an organism. It coincided with data about negative influence of heavy metals on metabolism of feed calcium. Conclusions. Availability in feed rations of heavy metals in the amounts exceeding maximum allowable level in 10 times negatively reflected in productivity of animals and ecology of emissions, promoted their accumulation in killing products. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Ni) were accumulated mainly in bones, liver, kidney and slightly in meat of pigs. Monitoring of heavy metals in rations and feedstuffs has urgency at planning feed provision, risk-management of swine breeding, especially in working areas of technogenic pollution.