Variability of elements of efficiency of plants of soya of F1, F2 hybrids

Abstract

The purpose. To study new genofund of soya variants, to create initial material as to attributes of plasticity and stability of main phases of growth, efficiency, to allocate genotypes and hybrid combinations for further use in selection as genetic sources with economic valuable attributes. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. Studying variability of basic elements of efficiency of F1 plants, has shown that in the first generation is formed both positive and negative heterosis which in a greater degree depends on genetic properties of parental pairs at hybridization. Variation of degree of heterosis was very great — from 1,8% in a combination of crossing Medeya/Omega Vinnitskaya up to 327,8% in a combination Medeya/Kniazhna. The degree of domination by quantity of beans on one plant was positive with variation from 1,5 units (Medeya/Omega Vinnitskaya) up to 21 (Medeya/Kniazhna). By quantity of seeds from a plant in 8 combinations of crossing positive superdomination — from 1,83 units (Lambert/Smuglianka) up to 13,73 (Medeya/Kniazhna) is noted. On weight of seeds from a plant 7 combinations of crossing with positive superdomination — from 2,34 (Lambert/Smuglianka) up to 50,41 (Omega/Vinnitskaya/Medeya). As to total percent of heterosis degree and frequency of manifestation of a complex of attributes, the following combinations of crossing were better: Medeya/Kniazhna — height of plants 50%, height of attachment of the bottom bean — 78,6, quantity of beans — 42,8, quantity of seeds — 50%, weight of seeds — 50%; Omega Vinnitskaya/Medeya — 47,4%; 57,9; 68,4; 73,7; 84,2% accordingly. Conclusions. By the level of heterosis manifestation and frequency of transgression of basic elements of efficiency — quantity of beans and seeds on a plant and weight of seeds — they lead selections in F2 of phenotypes for crop in nursery of hybrids of the third generation.