Agroecological effectiveness of soil protection technologies in the system of contour-reclamation organization of land use

Abstract

The purpose. To study the long-term impact of the application of the main tillage methods and fertilizer system of soil-protective crop rotation on the development of erosion-accumulation processes, flushing intensity of surface soil layer, sediment and nutrient removal, fertility indicators, erosion resistance of typical eroded chernozem, crop yields. Methods. Methods for assessing the intensity of erosion-accumulative processes, including stationary observations at runoff sites, experimental studies of the intensity of soil erosion and linear erosion, field routing, field and laboratory experiments, comparative analytical, calculation methods. Results. They present the results of the study of long-term impact of growing technologies for applying various cultivation and fertilizer methods to soil loss, nutrients as a result of erosion, runoff of surface water and sediment, productive moisture reserves in the 150 cm soil layer, humus content, and crop rotation crop yields. Conclusions. In the system of contour-reclamation organization of the land use territory, crop cultivation technologies based on long-term permanent application of non-subsurface multi-depth processing method and slitting of typical chernozem washed out on a slope of steepness of 5–6° are inherently soil-protective and provide reliable protection of soil cover from water erosion processes, improve moisture availability for plants in agrocenoses and water regime of the washed away soil, improve structural-aggregate composition and indicators of degradation fertility cationic chernozem, increase the productivity of cultures of protection crop rotation. In conditions of the high potential danger of erosion-accumulation processes, the introduction of soil-protection contour-reclamation organization of land use provides a significant reduction in degradation processes and loss of nutrients with surface runoff in sloping agro-landscapes.