Influence of systems of soil cultivation and pro­tection against diseases and weeds on the yield of winter wheat

Abstract

Goal. To study the influence of different systems of soil cultivation on the impurity species and the development of diseases of winter wheat in the area of Western Polissia. Methods. The research is based on field experiments using the methods: visual — to determine the phenological phases of growth and development of culture; calculation — to determine the development of diseases, pests, parameters of crop structure and crop yield; chemical — to determine the content of nutrients in the soil; mathematical-and-statistical — to estimate the reliability of research results; comparative — to analyze economic efficiency. Results. It is established that at deep cultivation of soil the number of weeds in 2.7 times less than at the shallow one. A smaller influence of soil cultivation can be traced to the development and spread of diseases. However, the downward trend still remains at the use of deep tillage and intensive protection system. Conclusions. Tillage significantly influences the accumulation of weeds. So, for shallow tillage, the number of weeds did not exceed 254 plants/m2, at the same time for shallow cultivation of soil that indicator was 2.1 times higher. A smaller influence was fixed for soil tillage on the development and spread of diseases. However, the downward trend in the development and dissemination still remains for deep tillage. Soil cultivation allowed to increase the yield at the level of 0.24–0.39 t/ha, however, its combination with the intensive system of protection against diseases and weeds has led to increased yields in the range of 1.71–2,43 t/ha.