Seed production of tomato varieties depending on planting schemes and fertilizers in the conditions of Southern Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of planting schemes and fertilizing on the cultivation of different varieties of tomato, their yield and sowing quality of seeds in the conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, calculation, comparative, mathematical-and-statistical analysis. Results. It is established that the seed yield had the influence of the studied factors. The average yield for 2016–2018 for the variety Lehin was 117,62 kg/ha, for the variety Yuvileinyi — 112,63 kg/ha. On average over the years of researches, it is established that the yield in the scheme of seeding 100+50 cm was on 0.6% more than in the scheme of seeding 150 cm. Minimum seed yield is obtained in the variant without fertilizers — 49,06 kg/ha. Application of the organo-mineral system, combined with foliar feeding had a positive impact on the seed productivity of tomato plants. The increase in the yield of seeds made 56.95–67,04% as compared to non-fertilized plots. The seeds obtained in the variants of the experiment had propagation energy of 81–90%, and germination rate — 95–100%. Fertilizing increased the weight of 1000 seeds on 0,06–0,11 g, germination energy — 1–3%. Conclusions. Seed efficiency was significantly influenced by fertilizers. Variety and sowing scheme to a lesser extent influenced the seed yield. The highest seed yield (159,91 kg/ha) provided the variety Lehin at the use of a planting scheme of 100+50 cm and complex fertilizing. The significant effect of the studied factors on sowing qualities of seeds of tomato was not detected. The highest level of profitability (154%) provided the variety Lehin at the use of planting scheme 150 cm and mineral fertilizers with foliar feeding by Plantafol.