Modern technologies of cultivation of winter triticale in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To establish the optimal adaptive model of technologies of cultivation of winter triticale, which gives the opportunity to more fully realize the potential of culture under specific weather and soil-climate terms in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, analytical, mathematical statistics with the use of basic and special statistical indicators and criteria. Results. The results of 9-years harvest data (2011–2019) at different technologies of cultivation of winter triticale and their dependence on weather conditions. The highest yield for the years of study was observed in 2015 (7.02 t/ha), the lowest level was recorded in stressful weather conditions 2011 and 2019 (4.14 and 4.09 t/ha, respectively). Intensive technologies of cultivation provided a yield of 6.64–6.92 t/ha, resource-saving — 5.36 t/ha, and simplified — 3.65 t/ha. Analysis of statistical parameters showed that the highest ratio of the plasticity was fixed for the intensive (bi=1,29) and the high-intensive (bi=1.08) technologies of cultivation. Of the tested technologies the most stable one was the cultivation of winter triticale in resource-saving technology (Sd2=0.06). Conclusions. To obtain a high gross yield of grain in the farms with intensive farming it is optimal to use intensive technology of cultivation of winter triticale, which provided a yield of 5.26–9.35 t/ha of grain with high levels of plasticity and stability. The highest indices in 2011–2019 were fixed for the resource-saving technology — the yield of winter triticale was 4.15–7.08 t/ha. Under these cultivation conditions, the culture of triticale may successfully be adapted to limiting factors of life support and stress events, while providing a high yield, and in the case of adverse environmental conditions — the average.