Influence of environmental fertilizer systems on yield formation and grain quality of winter wheat

Abstract

Goal. To study the formation of productivity and grain quality of winter wheat in environmental fertilizer systems. Methods. Field, laboratory, and statistical research. Results. The data are given of research in the influence of environmental fertilizer systems on the productivity of winter wheat. Use of environmental fertilizer systems allowed to increase the number of productive stems to 379–462 picks/m2, the productivity of the ear — to 1,26–1,48 g, the mass of 1000 seeds — to 33.5–41 g, and to get the yield of winter wheat at the level of 4,46–5.92 t/ha. The highest content of macronutrients (N, P, K) in the grain of winter wheat was fixed for fertilizer systems based on N60P90K90. The level of potassium and magnesium in the grain was higher than at use in the compositions of fertilizer of straw of peas + N30P45K45. Efficiency and perspectivity were revealed of the use of alternative fertilizers based on by-products with the addition of mineral fertilizers N30P45K45 + organic component (humus or microbiological fertilizer) and treatment of plants with a biostimulator. Due to that grain was yielded with optimal gluten content — 25.6–27.6%, protein — 11–11.9%, a slight amount of nitrates — 55.8–56 mg/kg, and the maximum allowable concentration of micro-elements. Conclusions. It was found that the use of the straw of peas as a by-product at entering N30P45K45 with humus or microbial fertilizer and plant treatment with biostimulant increased winter wheat yield by 52.3–59.4%, compared to the variants without fertilization. At the use of mineral (N60P90K90) and organo-mineral fertilizer systems, such an increase made 77.7–87.8%, which slightly increased the nitrate content in the grain. Application of natural fertilizer systems revealed a complex positive impact on the field od safe production of winter wheat according to ecological quality indicators.