Causes of Shatsk Lakes shoaling and ways of regulation of their water balance

Abstract

Goal. To establish reliable reasons for the shallowing of the Shatsk Lakes cascade based on observational materials and scientific generalizations. Methods. Analytical and field research methods are used. The method of work included a reconnaissance survey of the monitoring network, control measurements of groundwater levels, hydrological measurements, analytical calculations of water balances. Results. The process of Shatsk Group lakes’ shallowing is caused by a set of factors, the main of which is global climate change. The combination of climate aridization with the inefficient functioning of reclamation systems, the development of the Belarusian «Khotyslavske» deposit, intensive agriculture, seasonal recreation, and irrational water use by the local population have led to negative environmental consequences. According to forecast data for 2020, the surface water level in Lake Svityaz is expected to be 37 cm lower than usual. That is why all traditional approaches should be reviewed and the focus should be on the accumulation of water resources. Analysis of the functioning of the Kopayiv drainage system showed that its reconstruction and modernization into a drainage and humidification system is one of the main means of water regulation (accumulation, redistribution, minimization of discharge) and conservation of water resources of the Shatsk Lake. There is an urgent need to protect the territory and use its natural objects by the established international laws. Conclusions. The introduction of measures for the rational use and protection of water resources, as well as the implementation of water use within the legal framework in compliance with environmental standards and safety measures, will significantly improve water management and promote the sustainable operation of nature reserves in the Shatsk Lake.