New morphotype of vegetable corn obtained by the method of experimental mutagenesis

Abstract

Goal. To obtain genetic mutations using strong chemical mutagens, which have a broad spectrum of action (sodium azide (NaN3) and 5-bromuracil (5BrUra)), with the aim to involve in the selection process; to improve existing and create new high-yielding hybrids of vegetable corn with improved qualities. Methods. Analysis of literature sources, use of strong chemical mutagens, instrumental and statistical. Results. It was established that 5BrUra can be used as a chemical mutagen on corn plants, and point mutations, which are formed under the influence of that mutagen, are a valuable genetic material in selection practice. A new promising genotype of vegetable corn was obtained. According to the results of comparative evaluation of the phenotypes of the obtained mutant form and the studied collection samples, their significant differences were established. The branching of the obtained form of plants occurs from the base of the rod to the apex, while for known mutant forms — partially from the base to the middle of the rod, or the rod does not branch at all, and several lateral branches are formed. Conclusions. The possibility of using 5-bromuracil as a chemical mutagen on plants has been established. Point mutations, which are manifested under the influence of this mutagen, are valuable genetic material in selection practice. According to the results of comparative evaluation of the obtained mutant forms with collectible samples, it was found that the phenotype of the studied forms have significant differences. A new form of vegetable corn was obtained on the basis of cob branching, which is promising for further research and introduction into production as a new generation of baby corn.