Resource-saving technologies of spring rape cultivation in short crop rotations

Abstract

Goal. To study the influence of different methods of tillage, doses of mineral fertilizers and growth stimulants on the formation of spring rape productivity in the Northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field — to monitor the growth and development of plants, the formation of their yields and evaluation of elements of cultivation technology; vegetation — to study the growth, development, and productivity of plants depending on fertilizers, precursors and tillage; measuring and weighting — to determine the yield; laboratory — to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of agrochemical and physicochemical properties; statistical — to establish the reliability of the obtained research results; calculation and comparison — to assess the economic and energy efficiency of the main elements of cultivation technology. Results. The results (2019–2020) of researches in the influence of systems of tillage and fertilizer on the productivity of spring rape are given. Conclusions. It is established that for the cultivation of spring rape of variety Magnat on typical chornozems the best agricultural measure is shelf tillage (plowing) and application of calculated doses of fertilizers using cytokinin and amino acids. With this technology, in the variant with the introduction of N90P60K90 + cytokinin + amino acids, plant productivity increases, and the highest average yield of spring rape is formed — 1.79 t/ha. Net profit in such conditions made 7897 UAH/ha, the cost of the harvest — 18058 UAH, the level of profitability — 44%, the total energy consumption — 24.94 GJ/ha, and the energy efficiency ratio (KEE) — 1.97%. Also, among the studied methods, with minimal tillage and mineral fertilizers at the dose of N16P16K16, the average yield of spring rape was 1.32 t/ha, while with the technology of direct sowing (no-till) — only 1.25 t/ha. However, the application of no-till technology allows to reduce energy costs during the cultivation of spring rape and is a very effective resource-saving agronomic technique.