Influence of ecological fertilizer systems on the fertility of gray forest soil and winter wheat yield

Abstract

Goal. To study the influence of ecological fertilizer systems (EFS) on physicochemical, agrochemical, and biochemical indicators of gray forest soil’s fertility and winter wheat yield. Methods. Field — to determine the impact of EFS on the physicochemical, agrochemical, and biochemical properties of gray forest soil; laboratory — to establish quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the soil environment; comparative — to compare the yield levels of winter wheat; mathematical-statistical — to substantiate the probability of results. Results. Peculiarities of formation of physicochemical parameters of soil under the conditions of EFS are generalized. Against the background of pea straw (block I) EFS contributed to the alkalization of the soil (pH (KCl)) by 0.25–0.29 units relative to control, which significantly increased the content of Ca2+ and Mg2+ — by 12–32%, relative to control. N60P90K90 fertilizer systems (block II) with the addition of humus fertilizer (HF) or manure aftereffects reduced the negative effect of soil acidification caused by the use of N60P90K90 and contributed to the stabilization of Ca2+ and Mg2+ content in it. EFS with the addition of HF on the background of straw or under the conditions of N60P90K90 application on the background of manure aftereffect significantly improved the nutrient regime, increased the content of a mobile and water-soluble organic matter, and increased decomposition of linen fabric by 37–49% compared to control. The use of EFS based on pea straw ensured the yield of winter wheat at the level of 3.96–4.28 t/ha. In the conditions of EFS with the use of N60P90K90 on the background of manure aftereffect or in combination with HF, the yield of winter wheat was in the range of 5.31–5.42 t/ha. Conclusions. Under the conditions of growing winter wheat on gray forest soil, fertility rates have significantly improved and crop yields have increased, especially in the case of EFS application: HF on pea straw + N30P45K45 + biostimulator, and N60R90K90 + BS on manure aftereffect.