Methods of improvement of elements of technology of growing flax for seed in the Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To study the yield of flax of varieties Rushnychok and Vruchyi at the use of different methods of sowing, seeding rates, and different types and doses of mineral fertilizers in seed crops. Methods. Field experiments were carried out at the experimental sites of the NSC “Institute of Agriculture NAAS”. The research compared two Ukrainian varieties of flax — Rushnychok and Vruchyi. The soil was sod-medium-podzolic dusty-sandy. The following methods were used: field — to determine the interaction of the subject of research with natural and agronomic factors; measuring and weighing — to determine the yield of seeds of flax varieties; statistical, variance — to determine the reliability of the results of experiments. Results. To determine the impact of elements of technology they used indicators of crop structure — the number of boxes on the plant, the weight of 1000 seeds, and seed yield. According to the average data of 2015–2017, intensive flax growing technology at sowing rates of 10 million seeds/ha and application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N48R48K48 in spring for pre-sowing cultivation, against the background of intensive plant protection provides an increase in seed yield depending on the variety by 15 and 15.8% compared to the control without fertilizers. The best result was obtained for the row method of sowing with a row spacing of 15 cm, for which the yield was 0.69 and 0.66 t/ha in the varieties Rushnychok and Vruchyi, respectively, which was 0.09 t/ha higher than the control variant. Conclusions. As a result of research, it was found that the best method of sowing was a row one with a seeding rate of 10 million seeds/ha and fertilizer application at a dose of N48P48K48, at which the seed yield was 0.69 t/ha for the variety Rushnychok and 0.66 t/ha — for the Vruchyi variety. The developed technology can be used in the cultivation of seed crops of flax and allows to accelerate the reproduction of new varieties.