Use of complex approaches to selection of valuable genotypes of sugar beet plants for the creation of parental components of hybrids on a CMS basis

Abstract

Goal. To study and compare the effectiveness of different directions of selection of valuable plant genotypes for the creation of parental components of sugar beet hybrids on a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) basis. Methods. Field — experiments, phenological observations, laboratory — to determine laboratory germination and sugar content, measuring and weighing — to determine the crop structure, statistical — to process mathematically the achieved results. Results. It is established that the use of integrated approaches to the selection of the best genotypes of plants contributes to the creation of combination-valuable parental components of sugar beet hybrids with increased base productivity. In terms of root crop yield, the average indicators of CMS of lines were 107.4%, sugar yield — 106.3, sugar output — 105.5% compared to the group standard. The sugar content of their roots was at the standard level. The yield of roots of multi-sprout pollinators increased to 116.7%, sugar yield — to 118.3, sugar output — to 116.7% to the group standard. In general, new selection materials of sugar beets of yield direction of productivity were created by complex selection. The corresponding performance indicators of CMS lines and multi-sprout pollinators created using 2 other areas of selection were at or below the standard. According to the results of testing experimental hybrids created with the participation of parent components with increased basic productivity, 8 high-yielding hybrids were identified, which in terms of root yield exceed the group standard by 19.7–27.2%, sugar yield, and output — by 17.6–25, 7% and 16.9–25.5%, respectively. Conclusions. The introduction of complex selection in the selection process of sugar beets significantly increases its efficiency, allows, from the standpoint of a systematic approach, to evaluate existing and form a new source material for the selection of parent components and hybrids on a CMS basis with high productivity potential (sugar yield 11–12 t/ha), suitable for energy and environmentally friendly cultivation technologies.