Features of new samples of soya Glycine max. (L.) in the conditions of irrigation of the South of Ukraine

Abstract

Goal. To study and select donors and genetic sources of basic economic traits for their further use in the selection process. Methods. Field — to establish the phenological phases of plant growth and development; measuring and weighing — to account for harvest; laboratory — to determine crop structure; mathematical and statistical — to analyze variance and statistical data processing to assess the reliability of research results. Results. The sample UKR006: 01021 Ideal was isolated from the studied soybean gene pool by ultra-early maturity. The duration of its growing season was 93 days. The maturation took place 6 days faster than in the standard variety UD0201975 Diona (97 days). The advantage of this sample is that it can be grown in basic and post-harvest and low-yield crops. “Large” — 19.8 cm (8 points) attachment of the lower bean above the soil surface was observed in the sample of soybeans UKR006: 01024 Oleshshia, “very large” — 21 cm (9 points) — in the sample UKR006: 01023 Pivdenna Krasunia. The number of productive nodes, the number of beans on the main stem and side branches, and the number of seeds per plant had the most significant-close connection with the mass of seeds from the plant. Conclusions. Sources were selected for the main economic features: samples UKR006: 01021 Ideal for ultra-early ripening, UKR006: 01024 Oleshshia, UKR006: 01023 Pivdenna Krasunia — for the height of the attachment of the lower bean. They may be recommended for use in the selection process.