Experimental studies of the two-shaft cleaner of the heads of root crops

Abstract

Goal. To improve the quality of cleaning the heads of root crops of sugar beet by the method of determining the rational parameters of the two-shaft cleaner based on the results of its experimental research. Methods. Methods of conducting modern experimental research were used, in particular, a multifactorial experiment with statistical processing of measurement results using a PC, and modern laboratory-field equipment, as well as methods of field tests of agricultural machines. Results. Field experimental studies of a sugar beet root cleaner of a new design attached to the rear of a row-wheel aggregating tractor were carried out. This cleaner made it possible to finally clean the heads of sugar beet root crops on the root, from which the main mass of haulm was cut. A new laboratory-field experimental setup was also developed, which allowed simulating the operation of a single head cleaner of root crops in field conditions. Graphical dependences of the haulm remains on the heads of root crops on the structural and kinematic parameters of the cleaner were obtained. This made it possible to establish rational design and technological parameters of the two-shaft cleaner for its use in production conditions. Conclusions. A significant increase in the quality of cleaning sugar beet root heads on the root from residues after cutting the main mass of haulm can be achieved by improving the design of the cleaning device. Such a design is a two-shaft cleaner with horizontal shafts, equipped with flexible cleaning blades, which are hingedly installed in brackets located with appropriate steps along the lengths of these shafts. To obtain the best indicators of the quality of the work of the two-shaft cleaner when removing the remains of the haulm from the spherical surfaces of the heads of sugar beet root crops, its kinematic and structural parameters were determined.