The influence of environmentally safe preparations on the yield and infection by winter wheat diseases in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To assess the impact of seed and crop treatment with biopreparations, as well as the introduction of a biodestructor into the soil, on the productivity of winter wheat and its damage by diseases. Methods. Field — for registration of diseases of winter wheat; quantity and weight — for determination of the crop structure; mathematical-statistical — for finding out the reliability of the results obtained. Results. It was established that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with ecologically safe preparations (Vympel-K, Organic-balance, MikoHelp) helps to increase the yield of winter wheat by 2.6–8.8% in the case of seed treatment with the Organic-balance preparation and introduction of the Organic-balance biodestructer into the soil. Foliar treatment with Organic-balance helped to increase yield by 5.9–9.2%, and application of the biodestructor Organic-balance to the soil increased by 2.9–6.3%. In addition, seed treatment with biopreparations and a biodestructor reduced the spread of root rot to 6.9–9.6% compared to 14.2% in the control variant. The treatment of crops with the drug Organic-balance restrained the spread of powdery mildew of wheat to 60–64% compared to 77–80% in the control. Conclusions. Application of biologically safe preparations (Organic-balance biodestructor — in the amount of 1.5 l/ha, Vympel-K — 0.5 l/t, Organic-balance — 1.5 l/t, MikoHelp — 3.0 l/t), treatment per leaf (Organic-balance — 0.5 l/ha) contributed to a significant (2.9–9.2%) increase in the productivity of winter wheat and a reduction in its damage by diseases. Preparations for seed treatment showed a higher percentage efficiency — an increase in yield by 5.7–8.8% in areas where the destructor was not applied and foliar treatment was not carried out compared to the background (2.6–4.1%), where these measures did not conduct. Treatment with the biological preparation MikoHelp gives the greatest effect. Its use contributes to an increase in yield by 4.1–8.8%, or 0.24–0.45 t/ha. The specified ecologically safe elements of agricultural technology are recommended to be used to improve ecologically safe technologies for growing winter wheat in agro-formations of various forms of ownership of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine.