Peculiarities of formation of soybean productivity on soddy podzolic soil in lysimeter studies

Abstract

Goal. To study the effectiveness of growing soybeans on drained soddy podzolic soil at different levels of organo-mineral nutrition without regulation (natural moistening), and with regulation of the water-air regime (using lysimeter devices), and determine the most optimal crop fertilizer system. Methods. Lysimeter (lysimeter collectors and lysimeter vaporizers), laboratory analytical, system analysis, comparison, and processing of experimental data — using the Microsoft Office Excel computer program. Results. It was found that on organo-mineral backgrounds compared to the area of the assimilation surface in the control variant (20.7 thousand m2/ha), the area of the assimilation surface of soybean plants increased to 27.6–36.7 thousand m2/ha. Correspondingly, the number of beans also increased from 8.6 to 13.2–14.2 pcs, and seeds per plant from 17.3 to 26.4–25.7 pcs. Under conditions of regulation of the groundwater level at a depth of 110 cm during the growing season, the leaf surface area increased by 11–20%, the number of plant generative organs increased by 17–42%. In conditions of natural moisture under foliar fertilizing of plants with nano fertilizer Nano-Mineralis RK (in the phase of 6–7 trifoliate leaves and before flowering) on the background of N60P60K60 (in particular, with separate nitrogen application) + byproducts, the yield of soybean grain was 2.33–2.65 t/ha, which was 13.1-28.6% more than in the variants without applying nano fertilizers. Artificial water regulation helped to increase the yield of soybeans on the specified backgrounds to 2.89–3.28 t/ha or by 23% on average. On organo-mineral backgrounds, the output of feed units under natural moisture supply was 2.99–3.84 t/ha, under optimal conditions — 3.68–4.76 t/ha. Compared with the profitability under the biological fertilizer system (75%), the profitability of soybean cultivation using N60P60K60 decreased to 12–33%, and under artificial water regulation, it was 35–60%. Conclusions. It was experimentally established that in the technology of growing soybeans on soddy podzolic soil, the optimization of water, air (optimal moisture supply), and nutrient regimes using a combination of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60, in particular with separate nitrogen application) and organic (by-products of the precursor (corn) with foliar feeding of crops with nano fertilizers ensures a grain yield of 2.65–3.28 t/ha. Therefore, the functioning of a perfect meliorative system is an essential factor in the formation of soybean yield.