Genetic and statistical parameters of the height of winter rye plants with the phenotypic manifestation of el and wc genes in the homozygous state

Abstract

Goal. To create a genetic change in the architecture of winter rye with the phenotypic manifestation of el and wc genes in the homozygous state of carriers of both individual valuable traits and their combinations. Methods. Field, laboratory, and analytical. Field research was carried out under the conditions of monitoring surveys under field research methods, carrying out qualification examination of plant varieties, and examination of plant varieties of the cereal group with the basics of statistical processing of research results. Results. The genetic and statistical parameters of the height of winter rye plants with the phenotypic expression of el and wc genes in the homozygous state were determined in F1 hybrids. The average arithmetic height of winter rye plants of the P1 population, which was heterozygous for the phenotypic expression of the erectness gene (Elel) and the absence of a wax coating (Wcwc), was significantly (P<0.001) higher than the average arithmetic height of the populations homozygous for the recessive elel P2 or elelwcwc P3 genes. Populations P2 and P3 in the 2nd generation were formed by the phenotypic expression of elel or elelwcwc genes in the homozygous state. The parameters of the inheritance coefficient in the broad sense and the nature of the relationships of quantitative traits in hybrids from the crossing of morphologically different winter rye samples were determined. Conclusions. The height of short-stemmed plants showed low phenotypic and genotypic variation; populations with a recessive manifestation of erectoidity and the absence of a wax coating (P2 and P3), in contrast to a similar heterozygous population for these genes (P1), had high inverse genetic additive correlations of plant height with productive bushiness, grain weight per ear and weight of 100 grains. Genetic improvement of plant height in subsequent generations of grain populations, regardless of the phenotypic manifestation of leaf plate erectoidity (elel) separately and together with the absence of a wax coating (elelwcwc), can be carried out by direct selection. The inverted genetic cluster of plant height with productive bushiness, grain mass per ear, plant, and 100-grain mass creates prospects for genetic change in rye architecture.