Analysis of the dynamics of the quantitative parameters of the breeding array of Polish meat cattle

Abstract

Goal. To monitor the controlled cattle herd of the Polish meat breed for the period from 2001 to 2022. Methods. A statistical analysis of the results of the annual complex individual assessment of meat breeds animals and catalogs of meat breed bulls and types for the reproduction of breeding stock was carried out. Information about the current state of the breed was evaluated based on the data from the expedition survey of the herd. Results. It was established that from 2001 to 2008, the number of cattle breeding farms increased every year, and their representation by regions expanded. The maximum number of breeding subjects of the Polish meat breed, namely 28 farms, was recorded in 2008. Zhytomyr, Lviv, and Chernihiv regions were dominant in terms of the share of livestock in the studied period. In 2009, the number of the breed was 6.2 times higher than in 2001 — the increase was 7,030. During this period, the number of cows increased by 8.1 times, or by 3,047 heads. Beginning in 2010, the population of the studied breed began to decrease. The indicators of its maximum decrease were recorded in 2012 and 2013: the number of animals decreased by 1294 and 1105 heads accordingly. During the period from 2009 to 2021, the number of controlled animals decreased by 2.9 times, or by 5,493 heads. The analysis of the dynamics of the volume of accumulated sperm production from bulls of the Polish meat breed proved that the highest number of breeders included in the catalog was 8 with a volume of sperm of 155.4 thousand doses. Currently, stocks of genetic material obtained from 5 bulls are equal to 26.1 thousand doses. Conclusions. The upward development of the Polish meat breed from the moment of approbation continued until 2009, inclusive, and occurred due to the quantitative increase in its representation in the breeding business in various regions of the state.