Crop rotation and fertilizer systems in organic bioenergy agricultural production

Abstract

Goal. Using the preserved agricultural resource potential of the state agricultural enterprise in the Poltava region to develop promising models of its development and to improve the zonal system of agriculture based on organic production. Methods. The object of research was the State Enterprise “Research Farm “Imeni 9 Januari” (Khorolsky district, Poltava oblast), which was part of the system of NAAS. The area of arable land of enterprises was 6900 hectares. Computer multivariate simulation modeling was carried out using the “Agroecosystem” software complex. Results. At the basic level, the enterprise was fully equipped with the main means of production, labor resources. Animal husbandry was represented by a dairy herd of 600 cows with a productivity of 6000 liters of milk per year, as well as a pig farm for 2000 pigs. 1300 hectares of arable land had to be set aside every year to provide fodder for animal husbandry. These lands were used for fodder on-farm crop rotations with the addition of 10 t/ha of manure. On the rest of the arable land, for the use of plant waste as fertilizer, they had to be supplemented with N45P40K25, in case of alienation of straw and stalks from the field, the compensatory rate would be at the level of N90P50K80. With the implementation of the bioenergetic organic system of agricultural production, the intensity of the nitrogen balance was at the level of 120%, phosphorus — 95%, and potassium — almost 100% without the use of mineral fertilizers. Along with the optimal alternation of crops in crop rotations, as well as the disinfection of all waste at the bioenergy plant, that made it possible to switch to the principles of organic farming and production in general, ensuring profitability at the level of 8000 cond. units/ha. Conclusions. It is expedient to use preserved integral property complexes of state agricultural enterprises for the formation of modern bioenergy systems of agricultural production. Improvement of agricultural systems based on the principles of creating closed cycles of macro- and microelements, introduction of scientifically based crop rotations, and decontamination of organic waste will provide an opportunity to obtain certified organic products.