Formation of segetal vegetation in spring barley crops using no-till technology

Abstract

Goal. To determine how crop rotation affects the species composition and the level of weediness in spring barley crops under no-till technology, using the example of a typical low-humus black soil. Methods. General scientific and special methods, including field, laboratory and statistical methods, were used to process the received information. The object of research is the process of formation of the weed component of agrophytocenoses in sowinggrain crops of four-field crop rotation using no-till technology. Results. The regularity is established of the formation of weediness of sowingthe spring barley crops in four-field crop rotations using no-till technology, the peculiarities of the species composition of segetal vegetation, the method of increasing the competitiveness of the crop, and the effectiveness of measures to protect grain crops from weeds was calculated. On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that in comparison with plowing to a depth of 25–27 cm, during the long-term use of no-till technology, there is a change in the types of weeds. Over a period of ten years, under mechanical tillage, annual cereal and dicotyledonous plants spread, and forzerotillagesystems — perennial dicotyledonous species spread. In order to improve the phytosanitary condition of sowing spring barley crops and effectively fight against high clogging of areas using no-till technology, it is recommended to implement an integrated protection system. Under these conditions, the highest yield of the crop under no-till technology was achieved with the predecessor of corn and against the background of N16P16K16, and was, accordingly, 2.72 t/ha. Conclusions. According to the results of the research conducted using no-till technology, the dependence of the level of weediness of spring barley crops on the influence of predecessors was established. In crop rotation with placement of spring barley, clogging was found at the level of 323 million pieces/ha after corn and 358 million pieces/ha after sunflower.