The technology of formation of leguminous strip agrophytocenoses in organic onion cultivation on drained organogenic soils of the Left Bank Forest Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To justify the technology of growing leguminous strip crops in the system of organic onion cultivation, to determine the influence of perennial leguminous grasses on increasing the productivity of meadow phytocenoses, forming their botanical composition, and improving the quality of fodder in the conditions of drained organic soils of the Left Bank Forest Steppe. Methods. Laboratory — to determine the agrochemical and water-physical properties of the soil; field — to determine the productivity of the studied crops; geobotanical — to establish the botanical composition of agrocenoses; measuring and measuring-weighing — to determine the yield of the studied crops and the water regime of the soil; statistical — to establish the reliability of the obtained research results; calculation-comparative — to evaluate the economic and energy efficiency of the cultivated fodder crops. Results. Peculiarities of the formation of the botanical composition and the yield of the dry mass of leguminous grass stands were studied depending on the sowing scheme of the species and the varietal composition of perennial leguminous grasses. The best results of the productivity of perennial leguminous grasses were obtained in the variants of the experiment with lucerne and clover according to the sowing scheme — 4 rows of cereals + 4 rows of legumes. In the botanical composition of the crop of green mass, the highest percentage of perennial legumes was obtained in variants with lucerne — 36–45% and clover — 33–39%, which had a significant effect on increasing the productivity of strip agrophytocenoses in general and on improving the quality of fodder in particular. Conclusions. It was established that when growing leguminous perennial grasses using technology based on organic onion growing, the most productive options were strip crops, which included falcate (yellow) lucerne of the variety Narechena Pivnochi. Under the 4x4 sowing scheme, the yield of dry mass was 7.76 t/ha and 6.23 f.u. In variants with meadow clover, the Politanka variety was the best with an indicator of 6.72 t/ha of dry weight and 5.65 f.u., which exceeded the control in the first case by 1.67, and in the second - by 0.64 t/ha of dry weight. Legume grass mixtures in the best versions with lucerne and clover improved the quality of fodder compared to the control and provided content in the dry mass of fodder of 17.25–18.88% crude protein, 16.90–17.73 — crude fiber, 4.27–4, 33 — raw fat, 8.88–9.35 — raw ash, 23.68–25.65% — raw cellulose, digestibility of the dry mass of feed was 60.80–62.72%. Cultivation of leguminous strip grass mixtures without the use of chemical means of intensification significantly improved the ecological situation in the floodplains of small rivers, where mainly organic soils were concentrated.