Formation of productivity of white mustard with programmed application of mineral and foliar fertilizers

Abstract

Goal. To determine the specifics of the formation of the biological and technological potential of productivity with the calculation-programmed application of mineral and foliar fertilizers to optimize the level of intensity and efficiency of the technology of growing white mustard. Methods. Field — to observe the growth and development of plants, agro-meteorological conditions of the environment, and other biological and phenological factors; laboratory — to determine the quality indicators of seeds and harvest; statistical — to assess the reliability of the influence of factors by the method of dispersion, correlation and regression processing of research results; calculation-comparative — to evaluate the effectiveness of the obtained research results. Results. The influence of mineral fertilizer doses on the formation of quantitative biometric indicators of plants in the agrocenosis was established: the number of pods increased from 76 to 137 pcs.; seeds in a pod — from 0.2 to 0.6 pcs.; weight of 1000 seeds — from 5.35 to 5.80 g, which exceeded, respectively, the control by 20 to 63 pieces, 0.2–0.8 g, 0.16–0.45 g; with the use of foliar feeding — respectively by 6–24 pcs., 0.1–0.4 pcs., 0.08–0.15 g compared to options without fertilizer application. The use of mineral fertilizer provided an increase in yield compared to the control by 0.57–1.62 t/ha, or 69–174% with a share of the influence of factor A of 92–96%, and contributed to an increase in conditional net income by 1.3–2.0 times. Application of foliar top dressing provided an increase in yield by 0.15–0.2 t/ha, or 8–15%, respectively, with the share of factor B influence of 2–4% with an increase in net income by 12–21% compared to options without fertilizer application. Conclusions. The application of the calculated method of mineral and foliar fertilization ensured the formation of programmed productivity of white mustard and an increase in yield compared to the control by 0.58–1.57 t/ha, or 69–174% for the most effective variants N90P40K70 and N110P50K90.