Formation of yield and sowing qualities of hybrid seeds of precocious corn lines

Abstract

Goal. The study of the nature of attributes splitting during self-pollination of hybrids (obtained with the participation of early-maturing and mid-early elite lines of various genetic plasmas), and the creation of linear material with a high level of productivity and other most important breeding indicators. Methods. Field (phenological observations, records, and evaluations), laboratory (structural analysis of corn plants, determination of humidity), mathematical and statistical (determination of depression, NIR, yield increase compared to the standard). The new inbred material was studied according to a complex of economic and biological characteristics (yield, vegetation period, rapid moisture release by grain, resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic conditions of the external environment, etc.). Results. Based on the formation of a higher yield (3.30–5.15 t/ha) for 2021–2023, the lines Uk 42815, Uk 32411, Uk 162, and Uk 47511 were selected among early ripening corn lines. Of the mid-early ones, the best in terms of yield (3.30–4.64 t/ha) were the lines Uk 62, Uk 1739, Uk 04, Uk 111. As for seed qualities and the initial rate of development, the lines Uk 42815 and Uk 32411 exceeded the standard by 1.5–1.7 points. The duration of the period «sprouts — panicles» in all selected lines was shorter than the standard by 2 days. According to the average indicator of grain moisture, all lines exceeded the standard by 0.2–5.5%. The lowest plant height and cob attachment were recorded in line Uk 47511. The isolated lines were used as a maternal component during hybridization, as a result of which a new starting material was obtained, and a structural analysis of hybrid cobs was carried out. Conclusions. According to research results (2021–2023), all early maturing corn lines had higher yield and grain moisture at harvest compared to the F2 standard. 4 medium-early lines with the best yield were selected. New inbred self-pollinated hybrids were created based on selected lines. Structural analysis established that in the selection process, it was better to use high-yielding early ripening lines Uk 426421, Uk 425121, Uk 425821, and mid-early ones — Uk 425521, Uk 426121.