Scientific and economic principles of the development of tobacco seed production

Abstract

Goal. To justify the scientific and economic basis of growing tobacco seeds of new promising varieties of Ukrainian selection with high resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, good quality of raw materials, and optimal content of nicotine, carbohydrates, and proteins. Methods. Measuring and weighing — to measure biometric indicators of tobacco plants; laboratory — to determine the similarity of pre-basic and basic tobacco seeds; calculation and mathematical-statistical — to determine the economic indicators of the sale of elite seeds of various varieties of tobacco. Results. According to the data of 2019–2023, the economic efficiency was determined by growing seeds of high-yielding varieties of tobacco of Ukrainian selection: Berlei 38, Berlei 46, Ternopilskyi 14, and Ternopilskyi Perspektyvnyi, created by breeders of the scientific and technological department of tobacco production of the Ternopil State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of NAAS and entered into the State register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine. Conclusions. New promising varieties of tobacco of Ukrainian selection with high resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, good quality of raw materials, and optimal chemical composition: Berlei 38, Berlei 46, Ternopilskyi 14, and Ternopilskyi Perspektyvnyi are widely distributed and in demand on the market of Ukraine. Cultivation of seeds of competitive varieties of tobacco provides scientific research institutions with significant income to the special fund of the budget. The production and sale of tobacco seeds should be carried out only by specialized research institutions with the appropriate scientific potential and material and technical base. Elite and super-elite seeds of tobacco varieties with a sufficient content of nicotine, proteins, and carbohydrates in tobacco raw materials will contribute to increasing the efficiency of tobacco production.