Yield and adaptive potential of Triticum Aestivum L. lines of Myronivka selection

Abstract

Goal. To analyze promising material (lines) of soft winter wheat in a competitive test for yield and adaptive characteristics to transfer them for qualification examination to the Ukrainian Institute of Examination of Plant Varieties. Methods. The research was conducted at the Myronivka Wheat Institute named after V.M. Remeslo of NAAS (MWI) during 2019/20–2021/23 in the winter wheat breeding laboratory. The tests involved a 2-factor experiment scheme: «year» (weather conditions) and «genotype» (18 lines). Agricultural techniques for growing soft winter wheat lines were generally accepted for the conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. To determine the influence of climatic factors (air temperature and amount of precipitation), the hydrothermal coefficient and the relative index of the environment were used. Records and phenological observations of winter wheat lines were carried out according to the «Methodology of the state scientific and technical examination of plant varieties» [7]. Methods described in [10–12, 16] were used to analyze adaptability based on the «yield» feature. Results. It was established that in contrasting weather conditions during the years of research (2019/20–2022/23), the yield of common wheat lines was 2.81–9.67 t/ha, which was confirmed by its significant modification variability according to the coefficient of variation (V=28.3–42.2%). On average, over 4 years, the yield of the lines varied within 5.93–6.95 t/ha due to phenotypic variability (V=4.04%). Higher yields (6.41–6.85 t / ha) compared to the average in the experiment (6.34 t / ha) had the lines that could be used as starting material during the creation of high-yielding varieties in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Conclusions. Based on the results of the research, it was established that predicting the parameters of adaptability based on the rating of variety adaptability was a reliable way to determine the adaptability of individual genotypes, and the lines Lutestsens 60816 (MWI Stefania), Lutestsens 60702, Erythrospermum 60724 were selected as candidates for qualification examination at the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Varieties Examination.