Biotechnological solutions for sunflower agrocenosis in conditions of militarily disturbed soil

Abstract

Goal. To find out the effectiveness of the biotechnological measures in the agrotechnology of growing sunflowers based on the results of soil examination of militarily disturbed agrocenosis. Methods. Vegetation — to establish an effective composition of components in a complex of agrotechnical measures applied on the soil backgrounds of the location disturbed by the explosion; field — to verify the results of the vegetation experiment and to identify the effectiveness of the biological preparation Ecostern detox in sunflower agrocenosis; laboratory — to determine the content of the mobile form of biogenic elements and heavy metals in the soil, assess the microbiological and phytopathological conditions of the soil; mathematical and statistical — to conduct variance analysis and statistical processing of the obtained research results. Results. Taking into account the results of studies of the state of sunflower phytocenosis, crop yield, agrochemical, and biological soil analysis, the feasibility of introducing a biological destructor with detoxicant functions into the soil in sunflower agrocenosis on militarily disturbed soil was established. Conclusions. In the conditions of the vegetation experiment, the introduction of the biological preparation Ecostern detox into the soil disturbed by the explosion contributed to the acceleration of the development of sunflower plants and an increase in their above-ground mass compared to the control by 32.4%, the root mass — 25% at the stage of development 13–15 according to the BBCH-scale. Under the conditions of a field experiment using Ecostern detox in the technological process of growing sunflower in a militarily disturbed area, the crop yield increased by 0.11 t/ha compared to the yield in an undisturbed area, and by 0.26 t/ha compared to the same indicator in an area disturbed by an explosion without the introduction of a biological product. It also contributed to a decrease in the proportion of pathogenic fungi in the soil from 21–26 to 4%, and a decrease in the number of representatives from two genera (Alternaria and Fusarium) to one — Fusarium.