Assessment of the new selection material of white lupine by valuable economic features in competitive assortment testing

Abstract

Goal. To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the selection material of white lupine and identify the best promising numbers for breeding new early-maturing, highly productive with improved forage qualities, and resistant to Fusarium wilt varieties. Methods. Experiments were conducted on the fields of selective crop rotation at the National Scientific Center “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”. The land arrays were located in the Fastov district (Kyiv oblast). The soils of the fields: the soddy medium-podzolized sandy loamy, and gray podzolized gleic dusty-sandy. Field (evaluation of the stages of ontogenesis, general development of plants), laboratory (determination of the content of alkaloids, protein, oil), measuring and weight (determination of direct indicators of productivity), and mathematical and statistical (establishing the reliability of the results obtained) methods for evaluating and analyzing selection material were used. Results. A comprehensive assessment of the new selection material of white lupine on the main valuable economic features in competitive varietal testing, which was carried out during 2021–2023, was carried out. The best seed yield numbers were 105/4, 996/12, and 778/10 with indicators of 1.76–1.83 t/ha. The duration of the growing season in breeding numbers ranged from 111 to 115 days. Fusarium lesions on an artificial infectious background ranged from 0.9–3.6%. The most persistent were the numbers 1641, 105/4, and 996/12 with the number of affected plants 0.9–1.4%. Protein content in seeds was 37.8–39.2%. Its increased number, from 38.8 to 39.2%, contained numbers 778/10, 825/10, 1281/7 and 1641. Yield of protein with seed yield was 0.57–0.71 t/ha. The best indicators were numbers 105/4 and 996/12 — 0.71 and 0.69 t/ha. In terms of oil content in the seeds, the numbers 996/12 and 122/6 were in the lead — 11.0 and 10.9%, respectively. Conclusions. The seed productivity of white lupine directly depended on the weather conditions during the growing season. The duration of the first half of the lupine vegetation was a stable sign, but cool and rainy weather determined the growth of the period from flowering to ripening for 10–20 days. According to the results of studies, the selection numbers 105/4, 996/12, 778/10, and 104/3 were preferable in terms of a complex of valuable features, such as increased seed yield, content and protein yield, and disease resistance.