Productivity of short-term crop rotation in Western Polissia after chemical reclamation of sod-podzolic soil

Abstract

Goal. To determine the impact of post-fertilization of different doses and forms of chemical ameliorants at the application of mineral fertilizers on the indicators of the exchange acidity of sod-podzolic soil and the productivity of crops of short-term crop rotation in Western Polissia. Methods. Field (influence of liming and fertilization on the acidity of soil solution and crop yield), laboratory (index of exchange acidity (pNKCl) of soil), comparison and statistical (dispersion and correlation analyses of results). Results. A study in the period from 2015 to 2018 had shown that a dose of 1.5 Ha (Ha — hydrolytic acidity) of CaMg(CO3)2 in the 4th year of aftereffect provi­ded an optimal level of pHKCl (6.63 units), which was in the neutral acidity range for 7 years of aftereffect (6.41 units). In other options for 2018, the pNKCl indicator was 5.39–5.74 units. In the absence of liming, the soil acidifies and the ability of plants to survive during vegetation decreases. If in the control and on the background the death of cultures was 28.3–58.0%, then in the variant “background + 1.0 Ha of CaMg(CO3)2 + S40 + micronutrient Nutrivant” it decreased to 15.2–20.9%, and the minimum (13.6–20.4%) was in the variant “background + 1.5 Ha of CaMg(CO3)2” depending on the culture. In these cases, the productivity of crop rotation, on average for 2015–2018, was the highest — 4.81–5.07 tons/ha. Based on the obtained yield and acidity of the soil, a high correlation relationship by R2=0.87–0.99 was established between the variables. Conclusions. Carrying out liming on the background of fertilization, in particular, in a dose of 1.0–1.5 Ha of CaMg(CO3)2, contribu­ted to reducing the acidity of the sod-podzo­lic soil to the level of pNKCl=5.67–6.41 in the 7th year of aftereffect. In the absence of liming and fertilization, there was a high (32.1–58.0%) death of crops during vegetation. The highest productivity of crop rotation for 2015–2018 was achieved against the background of mineral fertilization according to the CaMg(CO3)2 aftereffect in a dose of 1.5 Ha and 1.0 Ha with the addition of S40 and foliar application of Nutrivant fertilizer, which provided, at the corresponding average values of pHKCl, 6.55 and 5.93 units, yield increase at the level of 2.32 and 2.06 tons/ha compared to its growth on the background.