Crops of Forest-Steppe zone on drained soils of Western Polissia

Abstract

Goal. To assess the yield potential of relatively new crops for Western Polissia, which will justify the more profitable for the region structure of acreage. Methods. Field experiments — to study the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors; laboratory, mathematical, and statistical — to analyze variance and statistical processing of data to assess the reliability of the obtained research results. The study was conducted in the period from 2021 to 2023 on the dewatered peat and sod-podzolic soils. Results. For 1960–2020 the average annual air temperature increased from 6.3 to 8.6 C. The probability of excessively humid conditions of the growing season decreased from 34 to 16%. The yield of winter wheat against the natural background of the fertility of sod-podzolic soil was at the level of 2.8 tons of grain/ha, with an organic fertilizer system — 3.3, mineral — 4.1, organic-mineral — 4.8 tons/ha. Triticale on peat soil on the background without fertilizers formed a yield of 2.0 tons of grain/ha, fertilizer systems provided, respectively, 2.6 tons/ha, 3.2, and 3.8 tons/ha. The yield of soybeans on mineral soil without fertilizers was at the level of 2.8 t/ha, with organic and mineral fertilizer systems — 3.9, organic-mineral — 4.5 t/ha, on organogenic soil — 1.6 t/ha; 1.9; 2.2, and 2.7 t / ha, respectively. The yield of the green mass of sorghum on mineral soil without fertilizers was almost 55 t/ha, against the background of straw as fertilizer increased to 65 t/ha, NPK — to 73, for their combination — to 82 t/ha. On peatland, these figures were: 44 t/ha, 53, 63, and 72 t / ha, respectively. The average yield of sunflower seeds in control on sod-podzolic soil was 2.4 t / ha, and on peat soil — 1.7 t / ha. The organic fertilizer system provided 2.8 and 2.0 t / ha on soils, respectively, mineral — 3.2 and 2.5, organic-mineral — 4.1 and 2.7 t / ha. The average yield of corn for grain on mineral soil without fertilizers was at the level of 11 tons/ha, for the use of straw as fertilizer — 12, mineral tuks — 13, for their combination — 14 tons / ha. Organic soil provided a yield of up to 4 tons / ha, organic fertilizer system — more than 5, mineral — 8, organic-mineral — more than 9 tons of grain/ha with a variation in the ratio of main to by-products within 1.6–1.9. Conclusions. In modern hydrothermal conditions of Western Polissia on drained lands it is advisable to grow forest-steppe (corn, soybeans) and steppe (sunflower) crops. Assessment of the productivity of crop rotation for the main products showed that with the use of an organic fertilizer system, this indicator on sod-podzolic soil compared to control (6.9 tons of f.units/ha) increased by 1.2 times, mineral — 1.3, organic-mineral — 1.5 times. On peat soil to a base level — 3.9 tons of f.units/ha — it increased by 1.3; 1.7, and 1.9 times, respectively. The study of crop productivity under different soil conditions requires further research.