Change in agrochemical properties of gray forest soil under different fertilizer systems

Abstract

Goal. To study the influence of various fertilizer systems on the transformation of agrochemical indicators of gray forest soil during the cultivation of winter wheat in the short-term crop rotation in the Forest-Steppe zone. Methods. Field (determination of the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors), laboratory-analytical (agrochemical soil indicators), mathematical-statistical (processing of experimental data). Results. The change in agrochemical parameters of gray forest soil under different fertilizer systems and types of fertilizers (2021–2023) was studied. It was fixed that according to the organic-mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of 12 t/ha of rotational area of manure of cattle + N100P60K100 in the process of growing winter wheat, the highest content of nutrients in the soil was formed: light hydrolyzed nitrogen — 63.2 mg/kg; mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium — 281 and 252 mg/kg, respectively; increases to control (without fertilizers) were 22%, 67, and 47%. At the same time, according to biologized fertilizer systems with the use of cattle manure in a dose of 12 t/ha of crop rotation area on the background of plowing pea straw and biodestructor, the nitrogen content was 61.1 mg/kg, the content of phosphorus — 224.0, the content of potassium — 233.0 mg/kg; increases to control (pea straw) — 19%, 28, 54%, respectively. It was proved that organic mineral bioactive fertilizers of organic grade were equivalent to organic fertilizer systems, and the introduction of manure of cattle in doses of 6 and 12 t/ha of crop rotation area. Conclusions. At growing winter wheat, the greatest reproduction of the fertility of gray forest soil can be achieved by a ombination of semi-rotted manure of cattle, mineral fertilizers, as well as manure on the background of straw and biodestructor. In case of deficiency of organic raw materials, the use of organic-mineral bioactive fertilizer of the organic brand in doses of 1 and 2 t/ha is promising.