New varieties of columnar apple trees of the L.P. Symyrenko Experimental Station of Pomology

Abstract

Goal. To evaluate new highly productive varieties of columnar apple trees with a complex of economically valuable features, their compliance with modern requirements of intensive gardening, the ability to adapt to the conditions of the Forest-Steppe, and suitability for implementation in industrial plantations, farmers, and household farms. Methods. Field long-term — to study the growth characteristics and productivity of apple varieties in the garden, resistance to adverse environmental factors, laboratory — to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of varieties, mathematical and statistical (correlation, regression, and dispersion analyses) — to assess the reliability of the data obtained. Results. During 2011–2024, in the Pomology Research Station (PRS) named after L.P. Symyrenko of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, they created several new varieties of apple trees with a columnar crown shape. In 2019, documents were submitted for inclusion in the State Register of varieties of plants sui­table for cultivation in Ukraine of the columnar variety Debiut, in 2022 — variety Valiusha, and in 2024 — variety Lybid. Conclusions. New varieties of apple trees with a columnar shape of the crown (Debiut, Valiusha, Lybid) combine a complex of economically valuable features, such as rapidity, stable high yield, attractive appearance, harmonious taste, winter hardiness, high resistance against diseases, transportability, and the possibility of long-term storage of fruits. The results of the research in the future will provide an opportunity to expand and improve the assortment of apple trees in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with new varieties intended for both industrial and amateur gardening.