Optimization of the varietal composition of winter rye at different levels of resource support for growing technology in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To study the impact of technologies with different levels of resource provision on the productivity and economic efficiency of growing winter rye varieties in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. Methods. The study was conducted in 2021–2023 on the lands of the Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia of NAAS (soil of the experimental field — typical shallow low-humus chornozem) using the following methods: visual — to establish the phenological phases of growth and development of culture; counting — to determine the parameters of crop structure and yield; chemical — to determine the content of nutrients in the soil; mathematical statistical (analysis of variance) — to assess the reliability of the data obtained; calculation-comparing — to analyze economic efficiency. Results. Comparison of the productivity of varieties and hybrids of winter rye with intensive and simplified cultivation technologies showed that the grain yield in the case of a simplified cultivation technology did not exceed 3.63–4.73 t/ha, but the intensification of the technology contributed to its growth to 4.09–5.65 t/ha. It was established that the cultivation of modern varieties and hybrids of winter rye with a simplified technology and use of N60 did not lead to lodging of plants, which confirmed the ineffectiveness of using the retardant under these conditions. Conclusions. The varietal composition of winter rye was optimized for cultivation according to technologies of different levels of resource provision in the conditions of the Western Forest–Steppe of Ukraine. In the case of intensive cultivation technology, the highest grain yield (5.45–5.65 t/ha) was provided by the Zabava and Kobza varieties and the Jupiter hybrid. Their profitability was at the level of 41–46%. With the simplified technology, the highest yield level was 4.58–4.79 tons/ha, which was provided by the Zabava, Syntetyk, and Jupiter hybrid varieties; the profitability level did not exceed 34–40%.