The influence of elements of cultivation technology on the yield’s formation and the yield of oil from sesame seeds in conditions of the Polissia region

Abstract

Goal. On the example of the Husar and Kadet varieties, determine the features of the formation of the yield and quality of Indian sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.), establish the conditional yield of oil depending on the variety, the methods of basic tillage and fertilization in Polissia conditions. Methods. Field: to conduct experiments according to the developed experimental scheme; laboratory: to determine agrochemical characteristics of the soil of experimental sites, and the mass fraction of oil in sesame seeds; measuring-weight: to set the parameters of the crop structure; statistical: to carry out dispersion analysis. Results. Field studies were conducted during 2023–2025 in the conditions of the FH «OFendP» (Zviagel district, Zhytomyr oblast) on sod-podzolic loamy soils. Sesame culture requires favorable growing conditions and the timely implementation of optimal agrotechnical measures. Application of ordinary plowing to a depth of 18 cm in the technology of sesame cultivation contributed to the production of 1.14–1.28 tons/ha of seeds, which was 0.40–0.42 tons/ha more than for a minimum cultivation of 4–6 cm (Mini-till). The productivity of sesame varieties differed slightly among themselves in the factors studied. The maximum yield of seeds, which was 1.28 t/ha (Kadet variety) and 1.25 t/ha (Husar variety), was obtained by adding N81P40K84 (background) + Fulvit Balance (0.5 l/ha) to foliar feeding. The average weight of 1000 sesame seeds, regardless of the variants of the experiment, was at the level of 2.02–2.57 g. The mass fraction of oil in sesame seeds largely depended on varietal characteristics and fertilization and averaged 50.52–56.90%. Conclusions. Improving the elements of sesame cultivation technology in Polissia conditions contributed to an increase in seed yield and conditional yield of sesame oil. Its highest conditional yield was observed for the introduction of N81P40K84 + Fulvit Balance (0.5 l/ha), against the background of plowing: 650.03 l/ha for the Husar variety and 643.37 l/ha for the Kadet variety.