The influence of soil cultivation and fertilizers on the yield and quality of spring barley grain, taking into account the synanthropic vegetation of agrophytocenoses

Abstract

Goal. To establish the influence of soil cultivation and fertilizers on the yield and quality of spring barley grain, and examine synanthropic vegetation. Methods. Laboratory field with the use of other modern methods and analyses, in particular: laying of the experimental site, field work on experimental sites, crop accounting, determination of moisture in the grain to recalculate the mass of the crop to a standard moisture of 14%, determination of protein using the Kjeldahl method to establish grain quality indicators, conducting geobotanical descriptions using the Brown-Blanke method to determine synanthropic vegetation in crops. Results. The study was conducted in the field experiment of Cherkasy State Agricultural Research Center of the National Research Center “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” during 2021–2023. The soil cover of the field was represented by podzolized low-humus middle-carbonaceous on carbonate loess chornozem. Based on comparative estimation of productivity of cultivation of spring crops in short grain rotation according to the system of zero cultivation, carried out after many years of plowing and surface tillage, as well as with traditional technologies based on plowing and shallow loosening, it was found that doses of mineral fertilizers significantly influenced the formation and quality of spring barley grain, in particular of the variety Voievoda. Conclusions. Analysis of performance indicators of spring barley for 2021–2023. showed that the highest yield (4.44 t/ha) was for plowing on a fertilized version with a maximum dose of fertilizers. The lowest yield (3.37 t/ha) was fixed for control without fertilizers using a no-till system of plowing. The largest mass index of 1000 grains (44.62 g) was for surface cultivation, and the smallest was for plowing (45.47 g). According to the no-till soil cultivation system, the protein content in spring barley grain was 9.95–10.43%. After studying the yield of spring barley by the 2-factorial analysis of variance, it was found that the contribution of soil cultivation was 36%, the doses of mineral fertilizers 30%, the interaction of factors was 4%, and other factors 30%. The synanthropic plant species studied belonged to the class STELLARIETEA MEDIAE TX. ET AL. IN TX. 1950, according to the international classification of vegetation according to Brown-Blanke.