Technological methods of cultivation and features of soybean vegetation in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To study how the technological methods of growing soybeans influence the processes of its growth, development, and formation of the level of seed yield. Methods. Experimental studies were conducted in 2017–2021 on the basis of the scientific research facility «Ahronomichne» of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University on gray forest middle-clay soils, using general scientific methods: system analysis, field, laboratory, computational-comparable, and statistical. Mathematical study of the obtained data was carried out by the method of variance and correlation-regression analysis using the programs Excel 2013, Statistica 10, and AgroStats 2013. Results. It was found that the yield of soybeans was largely determined by the hydrothermal conditions of the years of the experiment and agrotechnical factors, in particular, pre-sowing inoculation of seeds and foliar feeding. In these years, the yield of seeds varied in the range of 2.47–3.31 tons/ha, which indicated the importance of the complex influence of technological measures and weather conditions on the formation of crop productivity. It was confirmed that the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Bioinoculant BTU® (2 l/t) and foliar feeding with organomineral fertilizer Helprost® Soya (2.5 l/ha) had a positive effect on the formation of the productivity of the soybean variety Diadema Podillia. Conclusions. It was established that the combination of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with Bioinoculant BTU® (2 l/t) with foliar feeding with organomineral fertilizer Helprost® Soya (2.5 l/ha) provided the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants and the formation of their productivity. Under such conditions, the share of plant preservation reached 93.2%, and the seed yield was 3.31 t/ha, which exceeded the control version by 0.84 t/ha. The obtained results confirmed the high efficiency of the complex use of biological preparations and organomineral fertilizers in soybean cultivation technologies and the feasibility of their introduction into production practice.