Influence of genplasms of different origins of crossing components on the productivity of trilinear male-sterile hybrids of sugar beet

Abstract

Goal. To compare the performance of 3-linear trial combinations obtained based on maternal forms of linear and hybrid structure created with the participation of genplasms of German and Swedish origin, with an identical set of multi-seed pollinators of Verkhniatsk selection. Methods. Research in the field experiment was carried out according to the methods of combination and heterosis selection of materials of various ecological and geographic origins. The matrix of crosses for obtaining 3-linear hybrids was one-sided cyclic crosses; experimental data were processed by analysis of variance. Results. In the station assortment test, among 47 experimental male-sterile (MS) sugar beet hybrids, 14 of the best of them were selected. On the basis of sugar collection, a reliable excess of the standard was recorded in 7 hybrids. The influence of multi-seed pollinators on the productivity of experimental sugar beet hybrids was identified. For the collection of sugar, the best results were shown by hybrids of MS-Analogues and simple sterile hybrids (SSH), created on the basis of the Ot4 of Verkhniatsk selection (respectively, 14.2 and 13.9 t/ha). The highest yield and sugar collection of simple sterile Ot4 hybrids were recorded in combination with BZ2 (83.2 and 14.8 t/ha, respectively), and the highest sugar content (17.86%) in combination with BZ3 pollinator. Sterile forms of Swedish origin were successfully combined with the BZ2 pollinator (11360/68); the average yield of the obtained hybrids was 84.4 t/ha. According to the sugar content in experimental hybrids obtained from BZ2 (11360/68) and BZ3 (11302/68), hybrids created using MS-forms of Swedish origin turned out to be more sugary (respectively, 17.69 and 17.87%). Conclusions. The results of comparing the productivity of experimental hybrids created with the participation of genplasms of different ecological and geographical origins and the genetic structure of parental forms made it possible to increase the genetic diversity and select among the new MS-hybrids of beet sugar hybrid combinations with high productivity (103.4–114.5% to the group standard). The gene pool of the characteristic collection of maternal forms was replenished with 14 samples (5 lines of MS-analogues and 9 SSH). MS-analogues of Ot4 in combination with BZ3 led to the highest yield (88.0 t/ha), high sugar content (17.7%), and the highest sugar collection among all hybrids (15.6 t/ha). The best maternal forms with an expanded genetic base will be involved for further use in breeding practice.