Improvement of winter rapeseed cultivation technology in conditions of the South of Ukraine

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of biological preparations and different terms of their application on the formation of seed productivity of winter rapeseed in irrigated and non-watered conditions of the South of Ukraine. Methods. The study was conducted in 2023–2025 based on PE “GSP” (Berezivskyi district, Odessa oblast) using the following methods: field (for observations of growth processes of winter rapeseed and control of weather factors), visual (to detect phenological changes in plants), measuring-weight (to determine biometric parameters of growth and development of culture), laboratory (to determine the influence of the studied factors on the qualitative indicators of seed material), mathematical analysis (for carrying out analysis of variance and statistical processing of data to assess the reliability of the obtained research results), as well as using Agrostat software. Results. The maximum yield of winter rape seeds — 2.60 t/ha (HIP0.5 (B) = 0.07) — was recorded by optimizing the growing conditions on irrigation due to the 3-time introduction of the Planriz BT biopreparation (in the phases of rosette, stemming and budding). It was found that artificial moistening (factor A) provided the highest average collection of seeds, namely 2.30 t/ha. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the biologization process (factor B) showed that the most productive was the use of Planriz BT, which provided the maximum yield (2.3 t/ha) for its variation in the range of 2.1–2.3 t/ha. The study of the timing of the introduction of biological preparations (factor C) confirmed the advantage of a consistent combination of treatments with them in the phases of rosette formation, stem elongation, and budding. In this case, the average productivity of crops reached 2.1 t/ha (HIP0.5 (C) = 0.02 t/ha). Conclusions. The use of biological preparations Ampelomycin BT, Planriz BT, Trichodermin BT in combination with irrigation contributed to an increase in the seed productivity of winter rapeseed by 16.5–27.3%. The best results were observed when Planriz BT was added 3 times under irrigation conditions: the yield of crop seeds increased by an average of 0.46 t/ha, or 14.7%.