Biologization of cultivation technology and nitrogen-fixing productivity of peas in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To study how technological methods of cultivation influence the processes of formation of nitrogen-fixing productivity of pea varieties. Methods. Studies were carried out on gray forest middle-carbonaceous soils during 2019–2021 based on the Scientific-Research farm «Ahronomichne» of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, using such methods as: system analysis (description of literary sources), experimental (laying the field experiment and processing the data obtained), laboratory (determination of laboratory data), computational comparison (monitoring and calculation of the results obtained), mathematical statistical (confirmation of the reliability of the results obtained). The data were processed by correlation regression and analysis of variance using Microsoft Excel 2013, Statistica 10, and AgroStats 2013 software. Results. It was determined that nitrogen-fixing productivity of peas of varieties Deviz and Tsarevych was largely determined by hydrothermal conditions of the years of the experiment and agrotechnical factors, in particular pre-sowing inoculation of seeds and foliar feeding. In these years, there was a positive dynamics of the growth of nodule bacteria on the root system of pea plants. The number and weight of active nodule formations in the growth stage of BBCH 60-69 varied within, respectively, 16.5–34.2 pcs./plant and 64.9–119.2 mg/plant, which indicated the importance of the complex influence of technological measures and weather conditions on the formation of symbiotic productivity of the culture. It was confirmed that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biological preparations Anderiz (2.0 l/t) and Mikofrend (1.5 l/t), with 2 foliar feeds in the phases of budding and formation of green beans, with complex fertilizer Humifrend based on potassium humate (1.0 l/ha) had a positive effect on the formation of the productivity of peas of the variety Tsarevych. Conclusions. It was found that the combination of pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds with biological preparations Anderiz (2.0 l/t) and Mikofrend (1.5 l/t) with foliar fertilization with complex fertilizer Humifrend based on potassium humate (1.0 l/ha) provided the most favorable conditions for the formation of symbiotic activity of Rhizobium leguminosarum on gray forest middle-carbonaceous soils. Under such conditions, the maximum amount of biological nitrogen was in the varieties: Deviz — 48.6 kg/ha, and Tsarevych — 56.3 kg/ha. The obtained results confirmed the high efficiency of the complex use of biological preparations for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and complex fertilizers in the case of foliar feeding in the process of growing peas and the feasibility of introducing such technologies into production practice.