Modern problems of biological degradation of black earth and ways of preserving their fertility

Abstract

The purpose. Determination of modern rates of biological degradation of black earth and other soils in conditions of intensification of farming agriculture and methods of its slowing down. Methods. Analysis of changes of the content of humus in soils of Ukraine as a whole and by results of long stationary experiments. Account of balance of nutrients and humus. Forecast of an exit of organic raw material and balance of organic substance in soils of Ukraine under different scripts. Results. Regularities of conversion of organic substance of black earth in different systems of farming agriculture are substantiated. Dependence of processes of mineralization on structure of sown areas and economic balance of nutrients in farming agriculture is considered. The generalized data are cited on dynamics of content of humus in a slit of regions and soil-climatic zones of Ukraine for the period of 1882-2010. They calculated that the positive balance of humus in soils of Ukraine is possible in conditions of engaging of all non-documentary part of crop and all sources of organic substance. Conclusions. By results of statistical data, biological degradation of soils is observed in all regions and native zones of Ukraine. It is proved that after ploughing virgin soil and paleocrystic long fallow, irrespective of fertilizer system of crops, in grain crop rotations the general content of humus in arable layer of typical black earth is diminished by 20 – 25%. Accumulation of humus will be justified only in that event when it is more effective than other agrotechnical means and methods which improve soil characteristics limiting productivity of cultivated crops.