Productivity of crop rotations on irrigated lands at their different saturation with grain-growing and technical cultures

Abstract

The purpose. To study possibility of irrigation systems to ensure scientifically justified regimens of irrigation of crops in crop rotations with different content of moistureloving crops of soya and corn. Methods. Field, laboratory, calculation. Results. Implementation for the last few years of structure of sown area and crop rotations with increased content of highly profitable moistureloving cultivated crops, such as soya and corn, which maximum water requirement is necessary for July and August, does not meet potential of operating irrigation systems to give in time necessary amount of water that results in disturbance of optimum regimens of their irrigation. Conclusions. At that stage of development of agribusiness industry existing state of irrigation systems it is impossible to apply high-intensive tilling systems of farming agriculture without holding complete redesign and remodeling of irrigation systems with simultaneous rising their water duty up to 0,7 l/s/hectare. On irrigated lands with water duty above 0,35 l/s/hectare it is expedient to apply 4-field crop rotations with parts of corn, soya and winter wheat 50, 25 and 25% accordingly, or 25, 50 and 25% and 2-field crop rotations with 50% content of soya and winter wheat. Rising of content of corn and soya in 2-3-field crop rotations up to 50,0 – 66,6% at existing irrigation systems results in disturbance of scientifically justified regimens of irrigation and impossibility of deriving design levels of productivity of these crops on all irrigation systems of Ukraine.