Parameters of productivity and structure of biomass different crop rotations of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The purpose. To develop methodology of agroecological assessment of productivity of different grain-tilling crop rotations on the basis of determination of normative parameters of productivity and structure of general biomass at use of collateral products as organic fertilizers in conditions of contemporary climatic system of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results. Productivity of 7 – 10-field crop rotations increases proportionally to amount of the entered fertilizers and saturation capacity of crop rotation with cereal crops in structure of which saturation capacity with corn grows, and in group of forage crops — with perennial grasses up to 20%. Productivity of 3 – 5-field crop rotations depend on saturation of crop rotations by cereal crops up to 60%, where yield of f.u. makes more than 6 t/hectare. At reduction of rotation to 3 – 4 years and saturation of crop rotations by corn up to 30 – 40% the yield of f.u. increases up to 7,02 – 7,22 t/hectare. In 7 – 10-field crop rotations the high yield of unmerchantable produce has made 18,2 – 18,4 t / hectare, and collateral products with crop residues — 12,1 – 15,1 t / hectare. Yield of general biomass is proportional to productivity and depends on the share of roots, attaining 18,2 – 18,4 t / hectare. Conclusions. The content of nitrogen in general biomass of 7 – 10-field crop rotations increased at saturation of crop rotations by pease, soya bean and perennial grasses, and gained 290 – 399 kg/hectare. Productivity of crop rotations increased at ratio of nitrogen in basic and not-commodity parts of crop up to 1:1. That is connected with growth of the content of nitrogen in general biomass up to the maximum values. In 3 – 5-field crop rotations the maximum content of nitrogen in general biomass has made 315 – 365 kg / hectare.