Assessment criteria of accumulation of dry matter by plants of winter crops in Forest-steppe Right-bank

Abstract

The purpose. To determine dependence of seeding rates and level of fertilizing on formation of dry matter by phytocenoses of triticale and Hungarian vetch. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematic-statistical, comparative-calculation. Researches were carried out in the Institute of fodder crops and an agriculture of Podillia of NAAS. In experiments they seeded winter triticale of middle-early grade Polianske and middle-ripening grade Polovetske, Hungarian vetch of grades Orlan. Seeding rate of gramineous ingredient in one-way sowings was 5 million grains/hectare, of leguminous one — 3 million grains/hectare of viable seeds. In combined sowings the ratio was the following (%): 50:50, 75:75, 50:75 and 75:50. Results. It is determined that for winter triticale and Hungarian vetch the content and exit of dry matter in one-way and combined sowings were stipulated by seeding rates, level of mineral nutrition and weather environment. The greatest indexes were gained for mixture of winter triticale of grade Polianske with Hungarian vetch, which made 8,77 tons/hectare at importation of fertilizers in dose of N45P45K45 and mixture ratio 75:50%. Main share in gross yield of dry matter in leguminous-gramineous phytocenose had gramineous ingredient — 5,87 tons/hectare, or 66,9%. Binary mixture with winter triticale Polovetske ensured exit of dry matter of 7,39 tons/hectare, that was on 15,3% below than in the previous mixture. Conclusions. Productivity of binary mixtures of winter triticale with Hungarian vetch is justified, that is regulated by optimum seeding rates and level of mineral nutrition. Dependence of accumulation of dry matter on weather environment is fixed by the framed models of phytocenoses which are regulated by results plural regression analysis.