Model of transformation of quantitative indicators of the maximum expenditures of drainage of waters of showers in the system of clough drainage areas of the small rivers

Abstract

The purpose. To assess intensity of erosion-hydrological situations according to basin principle as scientific basis of heightening anti-erosion protection of soils. Methods. Laboratory-field, mathematical-statistical, topometric, morphological. They studied ordinary eroded chernozems of agrolandscapes of the basin of river Aidar (the left-handed inflow of river Siverskyi Donets). Results. On the database of erosion-hydrological factors (drainage area, km2; showers, mm; share on drainage area of cross woodland belts, %; ploughness of drainage areas, %; quotient of ecological integrity; content of humus on key points; %) mathematical-statistical model of expenditures of drainage from showers in the rivers is developed. To characterize changes of hydraulicity of the river on the path from river head to mouth they applied quotient of reduction of river beds and reduction of hydrographic network. In view of reduction of rainfalls, river beds and hydrographic network of basin of river Aidar they elaborated the model of transformation of a river flow on downslopes separately for right- and left-handed shores. By means of program complex MapInfo they digitized model of transformation of river flow on downslopes and the skeleton map of slope runoff. Conclusions. Application of state-of-the-art GIS-TECHNIQUES enables to gain vector characteristics of quantitative indicators of the maximum expenditures of drainage in basin of the small rivers, to map their transformation on downslopes in the form of TIN-surfaces and isolines and to make their quantitative assessment in 3-level system: river basin → system of clough drainage areas of hydroposts → downslopes. The most influential erosion-hydrolytical factors are: showers, ploughness up of terrains and area of drainage areas. Diminishing indexes are: content of humus, quotient of ecological stabilization and cross woodland belts.