Agroresource potential of reclaimed lands of humid zone of Ukraine

Abstract

The purpose. To assess current state of use of reclaimed lands of humid zone of Ukraine and to work out directions increasing efficiency of their use on the basis of quantity indicators of productivity of separate cultures and efficiency of crop rotations at improvement of conditions of humidifying, nutritious mode of soil, optimization of factor of crop rotation. Methods. Field tests, system generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparison, imitating computer modelling. Results. Tendencies of changes of hydrothermal conditions in region in view of their influence on structure of areas under crops and productivity of field cultures are covered. Concerning existing and expected climatic changes the necessity is proved to increase watering of territories by optimization of conditions of humidifying during droughty periods of vegetation. Potential of bioefficiency of basic soil types on natural background of fertility under condition of optimization of nutritious, water-air mode and factor of crop rotation is determined. Assessment of productivity of cultures and efficiency of crop rotations is carried out at different branch structures of reclaimed agro-eco-systems of Polissia. Regular application of scientifically-proved systems of fertilizing increases humus stocks in soddy podzolic soil up to 30 t/hectare, as well as its security with mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from low and average up to high and very high. Additional optimization of crop rotation and water-air factors in Left-bank Polissia promotes increase of productivity of cultivated soddy podzolic soils from 4,5 t/hectare on natural background of fertility up to 19,0 t/hectare; in Right-bank Polissia on clay soddy podzolic soils — from 2 up to 10 t/hectare; in Western Polissia on organogenic soils — from 4 up to 14 t/hectare. Economic efficiency of different variants of use of drained lands is brought. Prime actions on maintenance of effective use of reclaimed lands of humid zones are specified. Conclusions. The potential of bioefficiency of drained lands of Polissia can reach 20 t/hectare. Formation of adapted to available agroresource potential of branch structure of agrarian manufacture will enable to receive the net profit at the level of 200 thousand hrn/hectare. For maintenance of efficient use of reclaimed lands of humid zone it is necessary to adopt system of prime measures, in particular, to develop and accept Strategy of efficient use of drained lands.