Phosphate factor and phosphate-buffer capacity as the basic instruments for diagnostics and optimization of phosphate state of soils

Abstract

The purpose. To improve the way of diagnostics and optimization of phosphate state of soils. Methods. Theoretical generalization, laboratory-model experiment, chemical analysis, calculation-analytical. Results. It is established that all existing techniques of diagnostics of phosphate state are based only on use of different extractants, in specific extent adapted to soil substrate depending on acid-alkaline state of calcimorphic earth, granulometric composition, etc. Researches showed that phosphate nature of soil can be objectively evaluated on its phosphate-buffer ability in view of phosphate-buffer of capacity and index of density of phosphate ions (PI) in soil solution. By curve of buffering it is possible to determine amount of phosphate fertilizers counting upon the matching mass of soil or to realize other technological measures in order to transfer actual value of phosphate intensity factor (FIF) into optimum state. For all soils irrespective of their phosphate-buffering capacity the upper admissible meaning of FIF is fixed at the level of 3,1 – 3,3 units. In average-buffering soils and soils with the big buffering power it is almost impossible to reach that value. Necessity of uiy for diagnostics of trophic regimen of soils of processes of its self regulation is justified. Diagnostic-optimization graphical model is developed for this purpose on the basis of curve buffering with drawing on this curved line of optimum parameters of phosphate stat. Parameters of phosphate-buffer of properties of soils are determined. That made it possible to develop the way of diagnostics of phosphate state, level of its stability and a path of optimization. Conclusions. Results of researches have displayed that in gley soils for optimization of phosphate state in comparison with not gleyed ones it is necessary to deposit essentially high dose of fertilizers. It is caused by higher buffering capacity of gleyed soils in immobilized spacing. Optimization of phosphate state of soils on the basis of indexes of phosphate-buffer capacity and phosphate factor with creation of graphical model matching phosphate-buffer is the most objective and efficient way of diagnostics and assessment of the level of stable provision of plants with phosphate feed.