Efficiency of intensification of technique of growing winter wheat in Western Forest-steppe

Abstract

The purpose. To determine effect of factors of intensification of technique of growing winter wheat both separately, and at their complex application on productivity of grain and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical and mathematical-statistical. Results. Results are generalized of long-term researches (1991–2018) in technique of growing winter wheat in conditions of Rivne region on typical superficial low humus chernozem. It is determined that for modern grades of winter wheat it is necessary to apply high-intensity and high technology technique of growing. On the average for 2016–2018 the highest productivity of grain of winter wheat — 8,31, 8,03, 7,79, 7,67 and 7,63 t/hectare was gained accordingly at grades Krayevyd, Shchedrist Odeska, Mudrist Odeska, Astart and Ekonomka. In connection with processes of global warming of climate the optimum terms of sowing were moved from 15–25.09 in 80–90th years of XX century to 25.09–5.10 in the beginning of XXI century. Implementation of potential of modern grades causes increased removal by crop from soil not only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also other nutrients. Addition into traditional fertilizer for winter wheat of magnesium, sulfur and microelements provided growth of productivity of grain on 14%. Treatment of growing plants has provided with insecticide increased productivity for 16,2%, and with insecticide and fungicides — for 37%. Conclusions. Complex application in technique of growing of winter wheat of factors of intensification (high-yielding varieties, fertilizer system with addition of sulfur, magnesium and microelements, integrated crop protection) raised productivity of grain up to 7 t/hectare and profit — to 14144 hrn/hectare.