The spread of grapevine trunk diseases and improvement measures to limit their damage in conditions of the northern black sea region

Abstract

The purpose. To study spread of chronic illnesses of lumber of grape of fungal etiology on industrial plantings and to develop measures on limitation of injuriousness of causal organisms of diseases in conditions of Northern Black Sea Coast. Methods. Field and laboratory. Influence of diseases of lumber of grape on basic agrobiological indexes is probed: productivity, structure and quality of yield, economic efficiency of growing grape is also calculated. Influence of siliceous mineral (analcime) on spread of diseases and productivity of scrubs is probed. Results. By results of probes it was fixed that diseases of lumber of grape of fungal etiology (esca, eutiposis, black spot) on industrial plantings of Northern Black Sea Coast are spread everywhere. Spread of diseases of lumber of grape and their influence on productivity of scrubs lead to shortage of yield, reduce cost of gross harvest and profitableness of growing technical grades, and also increase net cost of production. It is determined that rooted supplementary feeding of scrubs of grape with analcime enables to suspend pathological process at esca disease, to reduce receptivity of plants to seasonal diseases and as result to augment productivity of scrubs and to increase product quality. It is shown that addition of base fungicides (Kvadris, Antrakol, Merpan, Shavit F and Ridomil Gold) into nutrient medium suppresses development of colonies and spores of causal organisms of eutiposis and black spot. Conclusions. Rooted supplementary feeding of plants with siliceous mineral slows down the pathological process called by esca, and diminishes receptivity of grades of grape to series of seasonal diseases.